Substrate Integrated Nickel-Iron Ultrabattery with Extraordinarily
Enhanced Performances, Debasish Sarkar, Ashok Shukla, and D. D. Sarma,
ACS Energy Lett., 1 (1), 82, 2016.
A substrate-integrated
nickel-iron ultrabattery is realized using nickel oxide (NiO) nanoflakes and hematite (α-Fe2O3)
nanorods as electroactive materials for its positive and negative electrodes, respectively.
Direct growth of electroactive materials on a highly conductive stainless steel substrate enhances the mechanical
stability of the system together with reducing its internal resistance. The proposed nanoarchitectural design of
the electroactive materials provides a large number of interaction sites for the electrolytic ions with the electrode
materials in conjunction with short ion-diffusion paths, which significantly improve the capacitive performance of
individual electrodes and hence of the fabricated ultrabattery. As a consequence, the as-assembled ultrabattery
exhibits a specific capacity value of ∼36 mAh/g (94 F/g and volumetric capacitance ∼0.77 F/cm3) at a current
density of 0.5 A/g in a potential window between 0 and 1.4 V, with capacitance retention of ∼60% of its original
value even when the load current density is increased 20 times.
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